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¡@¡@An Introduction to the Issues of Taiwan¡¦s Modernization: The comparison of the modernization in the late Ching Dynasty with that of Japanese colonial rule
¡@¡@ABSTRACT
¡@¡@Taiwan¡¦s modernization has started from the year of Tien-chin Treaty in the 1858, which made agreement to open the door of four treaty ports in Taiwan. Until Japanese colonial rule came to an end, due to the defeat of Japan in the 1945, it will be divided into two stages, the stage of the Yang-wu (westernization) movement during the late Ching Dynasty (1858-95) and the stage of Japanese colonial rule. Mean time, the pioneer of Taiwan¡¦s modernization should be Liu Ming-chuan, one of the Taiwan¡¦s Governor, during the first stage.
¡@¡@Governor Liu¡¦s new policy and reform was very great and aggressive. It made a delightful history in the process of Taiwan¡¦s modernization, particularly in the three kinds of projects, such as land reform, construction of railway and developing modern industries. Liu¡¦s contribution was highly appreciated by the representative Japanese author and historian.
¡@¡@Japanese colonial management in Taiwan had just continued on the base of Liu¡¦s modernization heritages. Japan¡¦s development strategy of Taiwan was focused on agriculture except manufacturing. In the early period, the colonial government had made discrimination policies to exclude native sugar business and protect Japanese new investors for the purpose of monopoly in the sugar market of Taiwan. In the mid-period, the rice farming had graded up its production owing to finding new seed. Therefor, the couple crops of sugar and rice farming constituted main part of Taiwan¡¦s economy to serve her ruling county of capitalism Japan. In the last period, the military demanded industrialization had taken place by ¡§Zaibatsu¡¨ investors, in response to the request of Japanese militarism, while Taiwanese business was excluded in the process. Then, the industrialization was stopped due to he defeat of Japan. During the period, Taiwan was under the controlled economy in the wartime. Taiwanese people were suffered from the pains of shortage economy under the wartime.
¡@¡@In sum, the Yang-wu modernization will be characterized as the process from outside into inside, basically an endogenous modernization. It was also a whole industrialization including agriculture and manufacture and a comprehensive economic modernization. On the contrary, colonial modernization was undoubtedly an exogenous and dependent modernization. It was an agrarian development except manufacturing industry and also a monocultuture with discrimination. Additionally, the military demanded industrialization under Japanese militarism was the industrial modernization except Taiwanese as actor. Such modernization was negative in the sense of Taiwanese stance.
¡@¡@During the process of Taiwan¡¦s modernization over one hundred years, Liu¡¦s new policy and reform in the late Ching Dynasty will firmly be an originality and typical model of Taiwan¡¦s modernization. It is important for us to recognize this positive originality, so as to eliminate the misleading about historical facts, in order to make sure the accurate direction of Taiwan¡¦s modernization in the forthcoming future.
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